๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ธ

Old Norse / Germanic Alphabet

Elder Futhark Runes

The Elder Futhark is the oldest runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes from approximately 150โ€“800 CE. It has 24 runes organized into three groups of 8 called 'aettir' (families). The name 'Futhark' comes from the first six runes. Each rune had both a phonetic value and a symbolic meaning. They were carved into wood, bone, and stone.

First Aett (Freyr's Eight)

CharacterNameRomanizationPronunciation
แš Fehuflike 'f' in 'fan' โ€” meaning: cattle, wealth
แšขUruzulike 'u' in 'bull' โ€” meaning: aurochs, strength
แšฆThurisazรพ (th)like 'th' in 'thorn' โ€” meaning: giant, thorn
แšจAnsuzalike 'a' in 'father' โ€” meaning: god, mouth
แšฑRaidhorlike 'r' in 'ride' โ€” meaning: journey, wagon
แšฒKenazklike 'k' in 'key' โ€” meaning: torch, knowledge
แšทGeboglike 'g' in 'gift' โ€” meaning: gift, generosity
แšนWunjowlike 'w' in 'joy' โ€” meaning: joy, harmony

Second Aett (Hagal's Eight)

CharacterNameRomanizationPronunciation
แšบHagalazhlike 'h' in 'hail' โ€” meaning: hail, disruption
แšพNauthiznlike 'n' in 'need' โ€” meaning: need, necessity
แ›Isailike 'ee' in 'ice' โ€” meaning: ice, stillness
แ›ƒJeraj / ylike 'y' in 'year' โ€” meaning: harvest, cycle
แ›‡Eihwazeolike 'eo' โ€” meaning: yew tree, endurance
แ›ˆPerthroplike 'p' in 'pen' โ€” meaning: lot cup, mystery
แ›‰Algizz / Rlike 'z' or 'R' โ€” meaning: elk, protection
แ›ŠSowiloslike 's' in 'sun' โ€” meaning: sun, success

Third Aett (Tyr's Eight)

CharacterNameRomanizationPronunciation
แ›Tiwaztlike 't' in 'top' โ€” meaning: Tyr (god), justice
แ›’Berkanoblike 'b' in 'birch' โ€” meaning: birch tree, growth
แ›–Ehwazelike 'e' in 'they' โ€” meaning: horse, partnership
แ›—Mannazmlike 'm' in 'man' โ€” meaning: mankind, self
แ›šLaguzllike 'l' in 'lake' โ€” meaning: water, flow
แ›œIngwaznglike 'ng' in 'sing' โ€” meaning: Ing (god), fertility
แ›žDagazdlike 'd' in 'day' โ€” meaning: day, breakthrough
แ›ŸOthalanolike 'o' in 'go' โ€” meaning: estate, heritage